Article 18

1. Where an EU trade mark is registered in the name of the agent or representative of a person who is the proprietor of that trade mark, without the proprietor's authorisation, the latter shall be entitled to demand the assignment of the EU trade mark in his favour, unless such agent or representative justifies his action.

2. The proprietor may submit a request for assignment pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article to the following:

(a) the Office, pursuant to Article 53(1)(b), instead of an application for a declaration of invalidity;

(b) a European Union trade mark court (“EU trade mark court”) as referred to in Article 95, instead of a counterclaim for a declaration of invalidity based on Article 100(1).