TRIPS
Print this pageAgreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs)
Part I - General Provisions and Basic Principles
Article 1 - Nature and Scope of Obligations
Article 2 - Intellectual Property Conventions
Article 3 - National Treatment
Article 4 - Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment
Article 5 - Multilateral Agreements on Acquisition or Maintenance of Protection
Part II - Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights
Section 1 - Copyright and Related Rights
Article 9 - Relation to the Berne Convention
Article 10 - Computer Programs and Compilations of Data
Article 12 - Term of Protection
Article 13 - Limitations and Exceptions
Section 2 - Trademarks
Article 15 - Protectable Subject Matter
Article 18 - Term of Protection
Article 19 - Requirement of Use
Article 20 - Other Requirements
Article 21 - Licensing and Assignment
Section 3 - Geographical Indications
Article 22 - Protection of Geographical Indications
Article 23 - Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits
Article 24 - International Negotiations; Exceptions
Section 4 - Industrial Designs
Article 25 - Requirements for Protection
Section 5 - Patents
Article 27 - Patentable Subject Matter
Article 29 - Conditions on Patent Applicants
Article 30 - Exceptions to Rights Conferred
Article 31 - Other Use Without Authorization of the Right Holder
Article 31 bis Compulsory licences
Article 32 - Revocation/Forfeiture
Article 33 - Term of Protection
Article 34 - Process Patents: Burden of Proof
Section 6 - Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits
Article 35 - Relation to the IPIC Treaty
Article 36 - Scope of the Protection
Article 37 - Acts Not Requiring the Authorization of the Right Holder
Article 38 - Term of Protection
Section 7 - Protection of Undisclosed Information
Section 8: - Control of Anti-Competitive Practices in Contractual Licences
Part III - Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights
Section 1 - General Obligations
Section 2 - Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies
Article 42 - Fair and Equitable Procedures
Article 47 - Right of Information
Article 48 - Indemnification of the Defendant
Article 49 - Administrative Procedures
Section 3 - Provisional Measures
Section 4 - Special Requirements Related to Border Measures
Article 51 - Suspension of Release by Customs Authorities
Article 53 - Security or Equivalent Assurance
Article 54 - Notice of Suspension
Article 55 - Duration of Suspension
Article 56 - Indemnification of the Importer and of the Owner of the Goods
Article 57 - Right of Inspection and Information
Article 58 - Ex Officio Action
Article 60 - De Minimis Imports
Section 5 - Criminal Procedures
Part IV - Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related Inter-Partes Procedures
Part V - Dispute Prevention and Settlement
Article 64 - Dispute Settlement
Part VI - Transitional Arrangements
Article 65 - Transitional Arrangements
Article 66 - Least-Developed Country Members
Article 67 - Technical Cooperation
Part VII - Institutional Arrangements; Final Provisions
Article 68 - Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Article 69 - International Cooperation
Article 70 - Protection of Existing Subject Matter
Article 71 - Review and Amendment
Article 73 - Security Exceptions
Text in force at 01-01-2020. The text can be verified at WTO.org. Titles of articles have been added for convenience, but are lacking in the official text, IP-PorTal.
